Measure Economic Health - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 641 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Fiscal Policy Essay Did you like this example? Measuring Economic Health Memo Regina Jernigan ECO/212 Principles of Economics September 9, 2010 Terron Khemraj Measuring Economics Economics activity is measured by real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Real Gross Domestic Product is the output of goods and services by labor and property within the United States (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2010). Real GDP on average grows about 3. 5% each year and has an impact on the business cycle. The fiscal policy has a tremendous effect on individuals and businesses. The tax and interest rate plays a major role on the success or failure of the economy. The business cycle is measured by changes in real gross domestic product, and therefore, the focus is on changes in output and not input. Changes the government impose on purchases and taxes is aggregate demand can alter the level of real GDP. When government purchases decrease raises taxes, aggregate demand becomes slow and the rate of inflation decreases. Real GDP rises and fall over time, this cycle is known as the business cycle. Changes in federal taxes and purchases made by the government to achieve macroeconomic policy objectives are called fiscal policy (Hubbard and O’Brien, 2010). The several government bodies that determine national fiscal policy is as follows: * Office of the President of the United States – makes decision on changes to the fiscal policy * Department of Treasury – manages and constructs the fiscal policy * Office of Management and Budget – develops and analyzes the fiscal policy * Government Accountability Office – audits the fiscal policy Each member of government plays a critical role in determining the patter and level of economic activity. Congress and the presidents have used fiscal policy to fight recession. If a new fiscal policy takes longer than expected to be approved, this could cause harm. The Federal Open Market Committee can change the monetary policy at any of the eight meetings he ld each year, but the president and the majority of Congress has to agree to change the fiscal policy. This could cause a recession if the process takes too long for approval. When the fiscal policy increase aggregate supply, change taxes, and increase incentives to work and start a business (Hubbard and O’Brien, 2010). A decrease in taxes gives new businesses an opportunity to form, whereas, an increase in taxes makes it harder for business owners to afford to purchase or buy into a business. The pattern of government expenditure affects the potential for future economic growth because the role in public investment. The government decision to expand infrastructure by building bridges or repairing roadway, creates jobs that affects employment by decreasing the unemployment rate. The increase in jobs will cause a domino effect; employees will spend more causing production to increase to supply the demand of consumers. The fiscal policy can determine the level of activity and employment based on their interest rate. When taxes increase it allows consumers to be conscious spenders because they will not spend more with higher taxes. Whereas, when taxes are cut consumers increase their spending to consume more of their needs and wants. If no new jobs, production begins to layoff causing the unemployment rate to increase and consumer spend less. When interest rates increases, credit becomes limited, and production decreases. On the other hand, when interest rates decreases, more money is available and banks loan more and production begins to increase. Businesses availability to expand is favorable when the interest rate decreases. A decrease in interest rate leads to an increase in hiring causing production to increase. The fiscal policy has a negative effect if the tax and interest rate increase causing consumers to spend less and businesses are not able to expand. When tax and interest rate decrease, it has a positive effect allowing more spending of consumers and businesses to expand. References Hubbard, R. G. , OBrien, A. P. (2010). Economics (3rd ed. ). : Prentice Hall https://www. istockanalyst. com/ Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Measure Economic Health" essay for you Create order

Literary Analysis A Werewolf By Marie De France

A werewolf is someone who changes form into a wolf for a period of time, typically around the full moon. It is unknown when and where the first werewolf myths came to be, but one of the earliest recordings is of Bisclavret by Marie de France. In her story, the protagonist is a baron from Brittany, who has to leave his otherwise normal life for three days each week and roam the woods as a werewolf. As a nobleman in human form, he has conformed to and personified masculine gender norms of the middle ages, yet once he has transformed into Bisclavret, they are abandoned. To be masculine during any age, is to be in possession of the traits or qualities associated with men. The gender norms represented in Bisclavret by Marie de France are so†¦show more content†¦Once the stolen clothes were returned, however, Bisclavret would not transform while others were present. He was ashamed, and refused to be vulnerable and naked in front of others. Only when he has been left alone for a time does he transform from Bisclavret back into the baron, regaining his identity, his masculinity, and his self-worth as he placed the clothing back upon his body. Even though the clothing was the physical object that was used to signify the emasculation of the baron, the loss of his masculinity, self-worth, and identity, occurred on multiple levels. At the point when the clothes are returned to Bisclavret, and he consciously chose to delay the process of morphing back into human form, we can no longer infer that the baron s declaration of his need for clothing to become a man again, was strictly physical. His fear of losing his station within society, by appearing naked in front of others, was greater than that of remaining a beast. How masculine a man was perceived to be by society was based upon how he acted, the things he owned, and the power he possessed. Masculinity in the middle ages was fundamentally intertwined with the chivalric code – the informal and varying codes of conduct for the medieval institution of knighthood – which included courtly love, the honor code, and military etiquette.Show MoreRelated##mal Characters In Bisclavret And The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1408 Words   |  6 Pagesconsidered human. Characters with abnormal traits are used to create fear in the reader as they look upon the accounts of strange, crazy and even macabre characters. Two examples of abnormal characters in literature are the knight from â€Å"Bisclavret† by Marie de France and the protagonist of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Each of these characters represent the opposite ends of the peculiar character spectrum, with the knight representing a monstrous body and the woman from â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†

Phospholipids Free Essays

Along with sterol, phospholipids make up 5% of lipids in diet Best know phospholipids is lecithin Has backbone of glycerol 2 of it 3 attachments occupied by fatty acid like those of triglycerides The third space occupied by a phospholipids group and a molecule of choline Soluble in both fats and water Fatty acids make phospholipids soluble in fat Phosphate group allow phospholipids to dissolve in water and this allows the phospholipids used as an Emulsifier to mix with water in products such as mayo and candy. Phospholipids are found naturally in foodsThe richest sources of lecithin are in: Eggs Liver Soybeans Wheat germ Peanuts ACTION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS: Lecithin’s decrease other phospholipids are important composition of cell membranes Helps lipids move across cell membranes because soluble in both water and fats such as Vitamins Hormones Act as an emulsifiers keeping fat suspended in the blood and body fluids Do not need to take supplement of lecithin because the liver makes lecithin from scratch Large doses of lecithin can cause GI distress, sweating and loss of appetitePhospholipids, including lecithin, have a unique chemical structure that allows them to be soluble in both water and fat. In the body, phospholipids are part of cell membranes; the food industry uses phospholipids as emulsifiers to mix fats with water. We will write a custom essay sample on Phospholipids or any similar topic only for you Order Now A cell membrane is made of phospholipids assemble into an orderly formation called a bilayer. The fatty acid tails orient themselves away from the watery fluid inside and outside of the cell. The glycerol and phosphate heads are attracted to the watery fluid. STEROLS Most common sterol is cholesterol.Cholesterol is made in the body and comes from foods. Derived from both plants and animal contain sterols, animals contain significant amounts of cholesterol. Cholesterol is in dietary foods and blood. The good and bad cholesterol is found in blood only. The chemical structure of good cholesterol and blood cholesterol have the same chemical structure but cholesterol that is made in the body is called ENDOGENOUS, whereas cholesterol from outside the body (from food) is called EXOGENOUS. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, is synthesized from cholesterol.Sterols other than cholesterol is found in plants, are structurally similar to cholesterol but plant sterols interfere with cholesterol absorption this lowering cholesterol levels. Margarine is a functional food with plant sterols to help reduce blood cholesterol. ROLES OF STEROLS Many important body compounds are sterols. Among them are: Bile acids Sex hormones, testosterone Adrenal hormones, cortisol Vitamin D Cholesterol itself Cholesterol in the body is the starting material for synthesis of: Bile acidsSteroid hormones such as testosterone, androgens, estrogens, cortisol, progesterone, cortisone and aldosterone. Vitamin D Sterols have a multiple ring structure that differs from the structure of other lipids. In the body, sterols include cholesterol, bile, vitamin D, and some hormones. Animal derived foods contain cholesterol. To summarize, the members of the lipid family include: SUMMARY OF LIPIDS: TRIGLYCERIDES: fats and oils and made up of * Glycerol: 1 per triglyceride * Fatty acids: 3 per triglyceride and fatty acids maybe: * Saturated, no double bonds * Monounsaturated, 1 double bond Polyunsaturated, more than 1 double bond and depending on location of the double bonds polyunsaturated fatty acids maybe: * Omega-3 where 1st double bon d is 3 carbons away from methyl group (CH3)* Omega-6 where 1st double bond is 6 carbons away from the methyl end MAJOR SOURCES OF SATURATED FATS: * Whole milk, cream, butter, cheese * Fatty cuts of beef and pork * Coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils MAJOR SOURCES OF OF CHOLESTEROL * Eggs * Mild products * Meat * Poultry * shellfish PHOSPHOLIPIDS: major one is lecithin STEROLS: include cholesterol In the body, triglycerides: Provide and energy, reserve when stored in the body’s fat tissue * Insulate against temperature extremes * Protect against shock * Help the body use carbohydrate and protein efficiently LINOLEIC ACID is an 18-carbon omega 6 fatty acid, LINOLENIC ACID is an 18-carbon omega 3 fatty acid, and both are essential nutrients. They serve as structural parts of cell membranes and as precursors to the longer fatty acids that can make eicosanoids, a powerful compound that participate in blood pressure regulation, blood clot formation, and the immune response to injur y and infection, among other functions. Because essential fatty acids are common in the diet and stored in the body, deficiencies are unlikely. REVIEW: The three classes of lipids found in the body and in foods are: Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterol The functions of triglycerides are: Carry fat-soluble vitamins Induce satiety Provide body with a continuous food supply Keep body warm Protect it from mechanical shock Serve as starting materials for hormonal regulations The functions of phospholipids and sterols: Con:tribute to cells structures The functions of cholesterol Serves as raw material for hormones, vitamin D, and bileThe features that fats bring to food are: Fats enhance foods aroma and flavor Increase palatability Provide kcal and fat-soluble vitamins The features that distinguish fatty acids from each other are: Essentially and no essentiality Size indicated by number of carbons Saturated versus unsaturated Location of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids The term omega with the respect to fatty acids is: In polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega refers to the relative place in which the first double bond is located from the methyl end of the chain.The roles of the omega fatty acids in disease prevention is: The structures are important to health as they are essential nutrients used to make hormone like substances that play regulatory roles in the body. Omega 3 fatty acids may lower risk of some cancers and heart disease. Phospholipids differ from triglycerides is that: Phospholipids have a choline or other phosphorus containing acid in place of one of the fatty acids, enabling them to function as emulsifiers in the body. Phospholipids allows the fatty acids to dissolve in water Phospholipids differ from cholesterol:Cholesterol is a sterol, and its C, H, and O atoms are arranged in rings. Cholesterol in the body can serve as starting material for many important body compounds The roles of phospholipids in the body are: Phospholipids are important parts of cell membranes They help lipids mov e back and forth across the cell membranes into the watery fluids on both sides Enable fat-soluble vitamins and hormones to pass easily in and out of cells The roles of cholesterol are: Provides energy Serves as part of cell membranes, bile acids, sex hormones, adrenal hormones and vitamin D The steps of fat digestion, absorption, and transport are:Bile emulsifies fats, allowing the enzymes to gain access to the fat for digestion Products of lipid digestion are packaged with protein for transport The route cholesterol takes in the body is: Cholesterol shuttles back and forth between the liver and the body cells in lipoproteins, and it visits the intestinal tract in the form of bile. Structure and functions of lipoproteins: Composed of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and proteins, lipoproteins transport lipids in the body The differences amount the chylomicrons: Are the largest of the lipoproteins,Formed in the intestinal wall following fat absorption They contain mostly triglycerides Describe VLDL, LDL, HDL: VlDL are made in the liver and contains mostly triglycerides LDL contains few triglycerides but are about half cholesterol, bad cholesterol HDL is about half protein and transport cholesterol back to the liver Which of the fatty acids are essential and they are found where: Linolenic acid Linoleic acid Both are found in vegetable oils and meats, grains, seeds, nuts, leafy vegetables, fish Excessive fat intake influences health:Excessive fat intake can contribute to elevated blood cholesterol and other blood lipids, therefore heart disease, obesity, and cancer can occur. Some saturated fats raise total cholesterol and LDL, trans-fatty acids raise LDL and lower HDL. Monounsaturated fats lower LDL without lowering HDL The dietary recommendations regarding fat and cholesterol intake and ways to reduce intake: To consume a diet that is low in saturated fat, trasn fat and cholesterol, limit total fat intake to 20 to 36% of daily energy from fat, consume 5 to 10 of daily energy from linoleic aid and 0. 6 to 1. percent from linolenic acid. To reduce fat intake select lean meats and nonfat milk, eat plenty of vegetables, fruits, and grains, use fats and oils sparingly, look for invisible fat, and read food labels. The lipid include: Triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols The roles of body fat are: Maintain cell structure Protect organs Provide energy Protect lean tissue from depletion The roles of food fat are: Provide palatability Provide satiety Deliver fat soluble vitamins Provide kcalories Triglycerides are made of: Glycerol 3 fatty acids The lipoproteins are: Chylomicron VLDL LDL HDL How to cite Phospholipids, Papers

Intranet and Extranet Essay Example For Students

Intranet and Extranet Essay Teddy Czech 8/27/10 Module 08 Written Assignment Comparing Networks The intranet network is a collection of private networks within an organization. It uses network technologies as a tool to communicate between people or workgroups. This tool is to help improve data sharing within the business. The intranet network is completely secure and has no portals to the outside world. The intranet network is completely an internal network, which the users maybe an executive team, human resources, accounting and or internal employees. One example for an internet network comes from the web browser; â€Å"Google†. Google has an intranet called: â€Å"Moma†. This is for the Google employees to have access to certain business related information like for payroll, phone numbers, news, and any contact information. The extranet network is a computer network that allows controlled information to be accessible from the outside for business or education. Extranets are not open connections a user must login and have security certificates in order to function correctly. The extranet network is less secure, but new technology makes it more secure with new software and certain firewalls. Users of the extranet network are for companies to share information or data with external users. Some examples are; vendors, suppliers, customers, or business clients. An example of a business using an extranet network is â€Å"AFLAC†. This is to manage, control, and store information which is shared to employees that are external. AFLAC uses an e-business application called â€Å"Livelink†. This is for employees to work efficient in collecting or sending important information to their business or clients. The internet network is a worldwide system of computer networks that share information, email, chat, and has web pages. It is made up of thousands of commercial, academic and government networks. Users of the internet are the public at large, employees, businesses all over the world to share information. Any businesses using the internet will be able to communicate, share meaningful and useful accessible information. The businesses will grow and share to customers, businesses, advertise, employees, and the public at large, all over the world. I think as for running a business it is essential to have and make all three of these networks work in their business. It is important keep have employees collect information internally and externally. Not all business needs an external network, but if it came down to I. S department or I. T. department it is very well needed. This is so the company is watched from external networks hacking away into their business. The internet network is more for the upper management to collect information to push business forward. These are my resources for the Intranet: http://blogoscoped. com/archive/2007-11-28-n25. html â€Å"What the Google Intranet Looks Like† Philipp Lenssen Tony Ruscoe Wednesday, November 28, 2007) http://googlesystem. blogspot. com/2005/12/moma-google-intranet. html MOMA Google intranet ( Alex Chitu, Wednesday, December 14, 2005) These are my resources for the Extranet: http://www. allbusiness. com/technology/software-services-applications-information/6530684-1. html â€Å"AFLAC Uses Livelink Enterprise Wide to Drive Collaborative CRM and Improve Efficiencies† (Business Wir e, Thursday, November 9 2000) My resources for the Internet: http://www. tbchad. com/bususe. html â€Å"Business Uses of the Internet† ( Terry Brainerd Chadwick, 1997)